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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it will become a target, a prize for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the files that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of these products to get a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is private, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it's all of the proof you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with check over here someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.